Singhapala
SINGHAPALA — the legendary forerunner kingdom of the Cebu Rajanate Illustration Sources: The image detail is from “Biffayas” in the Boxer Codex (ca. 1590), retrieved from the Indiana University Digital […]
SINGHAPALA — the legendary forerunner kingdom of the Cebu Rajanate Illustration Sources: The image detail is from “Biffayas” in the Boxer Codex (ca. 1590), retrieved from the Indiana University Digital […]
RUMA BICHARA — a royal council made of the noblest datus; a state council Illustration Sources: The image detail is from Philippines: Sultan of Sulu, Mindanao; The Story of the […]
PORTUGIS — refers to the Portuguese adventurers or soldiers; relating to the natives of Portugal Illustration Sources: The image detail is from Planting of the First Cross by Vicente Manansala […]
PANGLIMA — a district leader; a military commander; a chief Illustration Sources: The image detail is from “Moro Man: Jolo — 1901” in Photographs of the Philippine Islands, retrieved from […]
KARAKOA — a large outrigger Malayan warship; a raiding vessel Illustration Sources: The image detail is from “Corcoa” in The Discovery and Conquest of the Molucco and Philippine Islands by […]
KASTILA — refers to the Castilian conquerors, soldiers, or adventurers; relating to the natives of Castile Illustration Sources: The image detail is from Planting of the First Cross by Vicente […]